Latent Tuberculosis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatme
Resumo
A Infecção Latente por Tuberculose (ILTB) constitui importante desafio para a saúde pública, pois indivíduos infectados pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis podem desenvolver a forma ativa da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os desafios relacionados ao diagnóstico e tratamento da ILTB por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada na base de dados LILACS. Os resultados evidenciaram que os principais métodos diagnósticos são o Teste Tuberculínico (PPD) e os testes IGRA. Fatores como diabetes, tabagismo, contato com casos de tuberculose e exposição ocupacional aumentam o risco de infecção. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a adesão ao tratamento são fundamentais para o controle da doença.
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Abstract
Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) remains a major public health challenge, as individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may progress to active tuberculosis. This study aimed to analyze the challenges related to the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI through a narrative literature review. The search was conducted using the LILACS database, including studies published between 2012 and 2025. The findings indicated that the main diagnostic methods are the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs). Risk factors associated with LTBI include diabetes mellitus, smoking, close contact with individuals with active tuberculosis, advanced age, and occupational exposure. The review also identified low adherence to preventive treatment, particularly among socially vulnerable populations. Early diagnosis, improved access to diagnostic tests, strengthening of Primary Health Care, and strategies to increase treatment adherence are essential to reduce the incidence of active tuberculosis and contribute to global tuberculosis control.
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